<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2026_21_2_128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМЫ У ДЕТЕЙ И ДОЛГОСРОЧНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EFFECTIVENESS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS FOR BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виршич</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Virshich</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">christina.virshitch@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бзасежев</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bzasezhev</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подолян</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podolyan</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хохлач</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khokhlach</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цулая</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsulaia</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko Voronezh state medical university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО КубГМУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban state medical university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Виршич К.И., Бзасежев З.Р., Подолян А.Р., Хохлач М.А., Цулая А.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Виршич К.И., Бзасежев З.Р., Подолян А.Р., Хохлач М.А., Цулая А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Virshich K.I., Bzasezhev Z.R., Podolyan A.R., Khokhlach M.A., Tsulaia A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/609">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/609</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Бронхиальная астма (БА) у детей является одной из наиболее значимых проблем педиатрической практики, характеризуется высоким уровнем заболеваемости и выраженным влиянием на качество жизни. Длительный прогноз заболевания может варьироваться в зависимости от выбранной стратегии терапии. Цель: анализ эффективности современных фармакологических методов лечения БА у детей и оценка долгосрочных клинических исходов. Материалы и методы. Выполнен обзор публикаций, представленных в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library и eLibrary за период 2019–2025 гг. В анализ были включены рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, когортные наблюдения и метаанализы, в которых рассматривалась эффективность терапии БА у детей. Результаты. Ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды являются основой базисной терапии и демонстрируют высокую эффективность при соблюдении минимально эффективной дозировки. При длительном применении высоких доз возможна супрессия гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой оси, но достоверного влияния на рост детей и минеральный обмен не выявлено. Чрезмерное использование короткодействующих β₂-агонистов ассоциировано с увеличением риска обострений. Биологическая терапия эффективна у детей с тяжелым аллергическим фенотипом БА и высокой эозинофилией. Заключение. Современные фармакологические стратегии, с применением ингаляционных кортикостероидов, β₂-агонисты, антагонистов лейкотриеновых рецепторов и моноклональных антител, позволяют не только добиться контроля симптомов, но и влиять на долгосрочные исходы. Необходим строгий мониторинг безопасности и соблюдение принципов персонализированного лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rationale: Pediatric bronchial asthma (BA) remains a major concern in clinical practice due to its high prevalence and substantial impact on quality of life. Long-term disease prognosis may vary depending on the selected treatment strategy. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of current pharmacological treatments for pediatric BA and to assess long-term clinical outcomes. Methods: A structured review of publications from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and eLibrary databases was conducted for the period 2019–2025. The analysis included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses addressing the effectiveness of asthma therapy in patients under 18 years of age. Results: Inhaled glucocorticosteroids are the foundation of maintenance therapy and demonstrate high efficacy when administered at the lowest effective dose. With long-term use of high doses, suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis may occur; however, no significant effects on children’s growth or mineral metabolism have been identified. Excessive use of short-acting β₂-agonists is associated with an increased risk of exacerbations. Biological therapy has shown effectiveness in children with severe allergic asthma phenotypes and marked eosinophilia. Conclusion: Current pharmacological strategies, including inhaled glucocorticosteroids, β₂-agonists, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies – not only provide symptom control but also influence long-term outcomes. Close safety monitoring and adherence to principles of personalized treatment are essential.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>β₂-агонисты</kwd><kwd>монтелукаст</kwd><kwd>омализумаб</kwd><kwd>ступенчатая терапия</kwd><kwd>долгосрочные исходы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>inhaled glucocorticosteroids</kwd><kwd>beta-2 agonists</kwd><kwd>montelukast</kwd><kwd>omalizumab</kwd><kwd>stepwise therapy</kwd><kwd>long-term outcomes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головко В.А., Мещеряков В.В. Особенности бронхиальной астмы у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста // Вестник СурГУ. Медицина. – 2021. – №2(48). – С.15-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovko VA, Meshcheryakov VV. Features of Bronchial Asthma in Children of Early and Preschool Age. Bulletin SurSU. Medicine. 2021; 2(48): 15-21. doi: 10.34822/2304-9448-2021-2-15-21. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim TH, Kim H, Oh J, et al. Papadopoulos N.G. Global burden of asthma among children and adolescents with projections to 2050: a comprehensive review and forecasted modeling study. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics. 2025; 68(5): 329-343. doi: 10.3345/cep.2025.00423.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim TH, Kim H, Oh J, et al. Papadopoulos N.G. Global burden of asthma among children and adolescents with projections to 2050: a comprehensive review and forecasted modeling study. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics. 2025; 68(5): 329-343. doi: 10.3345/cep.2025.00423.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Global Asthma Report 2022. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022; 26(1): 1-104. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.22.1010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Global Asthma Report 2022. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2022; 26(1): 1-104. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.22.1010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asthma Facts / EPA. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/documents/asthma_fact_sheet.pdf (18.08.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asthma Facts / EPA. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/documents/asthma_fact_sheet.pdf (18.08.2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисова А.Р., Геппе Н.А., Малахов А.Б., и др. Верификация диагноза и маршрутизация детей с бронхиальной астмой с использованием современных возможностей информационных систем // Российский Аллергологический Журнал. – 2023. – Т.20. – №4. – C.512-520. doi: 10.36691/RJA16902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisova AR, Geppe NA, Malakhov AB, et al. Verification of diagnosis and routing of children with bronchial asthma using modern capabilities of information systems. Russian Allergological Journal. 2023; 20(4): 512-520. (In Russ.) doi: 10.36691/RJA16902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin J, Townshend J, Brodlie M. Diagnosis and management of asthma in children. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2022; 6(1): e001277. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo2021-001277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin J, Townshend J, Brodlie M. Diagnosis and management of asthma in children. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2022; 6(1): e001277. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo2021-001277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации / Бронхиальная астма у детей // URL: https://www.pediatr-russia.ru/information/klin-rek/deystvuyushchieklinicheskie-rekomendatsii/% D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%85%D0% B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%20%D0%B4%D0%B5% D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%A0%20%D1% 80%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80.v2_2017_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Клинические рекомендации / Бронхиальная астма у детей // URL: https://www.pediatr-russia.ru/information/klin-rek/deystvuyushchieklinicheskie-rekomendatsii/% D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%85%D0% B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%20%D0%B4%D0%B5% D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%A0%20%D1% 80%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80.v2_2017_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">2024 GINA Main Report / ginasthma.org. https://ginasthma.org/2024-report.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">2024 GINA Main Report / ginasthma.org. https://ginasthma.org/2024-report.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астма / Всемирная организация здравоохранения. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Астма / Всемирная организация здравоохранения. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sawanyawisuth K, Chattakul P, Khamsai S, et al. Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids for Asthma Exacerbation in Children: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock. 2020; 13(2): 161-166. doi: 10.4103/JETS.JETS_116_19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sawanyawisuth K, Chattakul P, Khamsai S, et al. Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids for Asthma Exacerbation in Children: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock. 2020; 13(2): 161-166. doi: 10.4103/JETS.JETS_116_19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nuradha KWDA, Prematilake GLDC, Batuwita BAUI, et al. Effect of long term inhaled corticosteroid therapy on adrenal suppression, growth and bone health in children with asthma. BMC Pediatr. 2019; 19: 411. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1760-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nuradha KWDA, Prematilake GLDC, Batuwita BAUI, et al. Effect of long term inhaled corticosteroid therapy on adrenal suppression, growth and bone health in children with asthma. BMC Pediatr. 2019; 19: 411. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1760-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suh DI, Johnston SL. The Wiser Strategy of Using Beta-Agonists in Asthma: Mechanisms and Rationales. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2024; 16(3): 217-234. doi: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.3.217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suh DI, Johnston SL. The Wiser Strategy of Using Beta-Agonists in Asthma: Mechanisms and Rationales. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2024; 16(3): 217-234. doi: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.3.217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan A, Maslova E, Kallis C, et al. Short-acting β2-agonists and exacerbations in children with asthma in England: SABINA Junior. ERJ Open Res. 2023; 9(2): 00571-2022. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00571-2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan A, Maslova E, Kallis C, et al. Short-acting β2-agonists and exacerbations in children with asthma in England: SABINA Junior. ERJ Open Res. 2023; 9(2): 00571-2022. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00571-2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев С.Н., Геппе Н.А., Ильина Н.И. и др. Антагонисты лейкотриеновых рецепторов в лечении бронхиальной астмы: согласительный документ «Бронхиальная Астма и антагонисты ЛЕйкоТриеновых рецепторов (БАЛЕТ)» // Russian Journal of Allergy. – 2023. – Т.20. – №2. – С.000-000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avdeev SN, Geppe NA, Ilyina NI, et al. Leukotriene receptor antagonists in the treatment of bronchial asthma: consensus document «Bronchial Asthma and leukotriene receptor antagonists (BALET)». Russian Journal of Allergy. 2023; 20(2): 000-000. doi: 10.36691/RJA7530. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miao YMM, Liang YMM, Zhang ZMM, et al.. Therapeutic efficacy of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in children with cough variant asthma: Impact on FEV1 and FVC levels. Medicine. 2025; 104(12): e41371. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000041371.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miao YMM, Liang YMM, Zhang ZMM, et al.. Therapeutic efficacy of montelukast sodium combined with budesonide in children with cough variant asthma: Impact on FEV1 and FVC levels. Medicine. 2025; 104(12): e41371. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000041371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacharier LB, Jackson DJ. Biologics in the treatment of asthma in children and adolescents. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023; 151(3): 581-589. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacharier LB, Jackson DJ. Biologics in the treatment of asthma in children and adolescents. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023; 151(3): 581-589. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Indolfi C, Klain A, Bencivenga C, et al. Biological Drugs for the Treatment of Uncontrolled Severe Asthma in Children. Current Pediatric Reviews. 2024; 20(3): 265-270. doi: 10.2174/1573396320666230912103115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Indolfi C, Klain A, Bencivenga C, et al. Biological Drugs for the Treatment of Uncontrolled Severe Asthma in Children. Current Pediatric Reviews. 2024; 20(3): 265-270. doi: 10.2174/1573396320666230912103115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szefler SJ, Casale TB, Haselkorn T, et al. Treatment Benefit with Omalizumab in Children by Indicators of Asthma Severity. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. 2020; 8(8): 2673-2680.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szefler SJ, Casale TB, Haselkorn T, et al. Treatment Benefit with Omalizumab in Children by Indicators of Asthma Severity. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. 2020; 8(8): 2673-2680.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.03.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
