<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2026_21_2_123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-608</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НЕОККЛЮЗИВНЫЕ ФОРМЫ НАРУШЕНИЯ МЕЗЕНТЕРИАЛЬНОГО КРОВОСНАБЖЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NON-OCCLUSIVE FORMS OF MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отдельнов</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Otdelnov</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веселова</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veselova</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский  медицинский университет»;&#13;
ГБУЗ НО «Городская клиническая больница №13 Автозаводского  района города Нижнего Новгорода»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University;&#13;
City Clinical Hospital № 13 of the Avtozavodsky District of Nizhny Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский  медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Отдельнов Л.А., Веселова В.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Отдельнов Л.А., Веселова В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Otdelnov L.A., Veselova V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/608">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/608</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Неокклюзивные нарушения мезентериального кровоснабжения (ННМК) составляют до 30% случаев острой мезентериальной ишемии и характеризуются наиболее высокой летальностью – от 50 до 93%. Несмотря на значимость проблемы, ранняя диагностика остается затруднительной, а эффективные алгоритмы лечения и профилактики окончательно не разработаны. Цель: систематизировать данные о диагностике и лечении неокклюзивных нарушений мезентериального кровообращения (ННМК), оценке существующих клинических подходов и определении перспективных направлений, направленных на снижение летальности. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы публикации последних десяти лет, посвященных проблеме ННМК. Рассмотрены данные о диагностической информативности КТ с контрастным усилением, ангиографии и биомаркеров (в частности, I-FABP), а также об эффективности консервативных и хирургических подходов к лечению. Результаты. Установлено, что КТ демонстрирует высокую чувствительность в выявлении ранних признаков ишемии, ангиография подтверждает статус «золотого стандарта» диагностики, а I-FABP обладает чувствительностью до 90% и специфичностью до 80,3%. Использование вазодилататоров (папаверин, простагландин Е1, нитроглицерин) снижало летальность с 34,2% до 22,6% и частоту оперативных вмешательств с 15,3% до 5,0%. Обсуждение. Результаты анализа свидетельствуют, что комплексное применение современных методов визуализации, биомаркеров и вазодилатационной терапии в сочетании с миниинвазивными хирургическими вмешательствами способствует снижению летальности при ННМК. В то же время доказательная база остается ограниченной, что подчеркивает необходимость дальнейших многоцентровых исследований для уточнения диагностических критериев и разработки единых алгоритмов лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) accounts for up to 30% of all cases of acute mesenteric ischemia and is associated with the highest mortality, ranging from 50% to 93%. Despite the clinical significance of this condition, early diagnosis remains challenging, and effective algorithms for treatment and prevention have not yet been fully established. Aim: The aim of this review was to systematize current data on the diagnosis and treatment of NOMI, to evaluate existing clinical approaches, and to identify the most promising strategies for reducing mortality. Materials and Methods: Publications over the past decade addressing NOMI were analyzed. Particular attention was given to data on the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced computed tomography, angiography, and biomarkers (notably I-FABP), as well as to the reported effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatment strategies. Results: Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting early ischemic changes, angiography confirmed its role as the diagnostic gold standard, and I-FABP showed sensitivity up to 90% and specificity up to 80.3%. The use of vasodilators (papaverine, prostaglandin E1, nitroglycerin) reduced mortality from 34.2% to 22.6% and decreased the rate of surgical interventions from 15.3% to 5.0%. Discussion: The findings suggest that an integrated approach combining advanced imaging techniques, biomarker-based diagnostics, and vasodilator therapy, together with minimally invasive surgical interventions, may contribute to reduced mortality in NOMI. However, the current evidence base remains limited, highlighting the need for further multicenter st</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нарушение мезентериального кровоснабжения</kwd><kwd>мезентериальное кровоснабжение</kwd><kwd>мезентериальная ишемия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute mesenteric ischemia</kwd><kwd>mesenteric circulation</kwd><kwd>mesenteric ischemia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazzei MA, Volterrani L. Nonocclusive mesenteric ischaemia: think about it. Radiol Med. 2015; 120(1): 85-95. doi: 10.1007/s11547-014-0460-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazzei MA, Volterrani L. Nonocclusive mesenteric ischaemia: think about it. Radiol Med. 2015; 120(1): 85-95. doi: 10.1007/s11547-014-0460-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cocorullo G, Mirabella A, Falco N, et al. An investigation of bedside laparoscopy in the ICU for cases of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia. World J Emerg Surg. 2017; 12: 4. doi: 10.1186/s13017-017-0118-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cocorullo G, Mirabella A, Falco N, et al. An investigation of bedside laparoscopy in the ICU for cases of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia. World J Emerg Surg. 2017; 12: 4. doi: 10.1186/s13017-017-0118-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reintam BA, Mändul M, Björck M, et al. Incidence, diagnosis, management and outcome of acute mesenteric ischaemia: a prospective, multicentre observational study (AMESI Study). Crit Care. 2024 28(1): 32. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-04807-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reintam BA, Mändul M, Björck M, et al. Incidence, diagnosis, management and outcome of acute mesenteric ischaemia: a prospective, multicentre observational study (AMESI Study). Crit Care. 2024 28(1): 32. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-04807-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stancu B, Chira A, Coman HF, et al. Intestinal Obstruction as Initial Presentation of Idiopathic Portal and Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis: Diagnosis, Management, and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024; 14(3): 304. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14030304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stancu B, Chira A, Coman HF, et al. Intestinal Obstruction as Initial Presentation of Idiopathic Portal and Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis: Diagnosis, Management, and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024; 14(3): 304. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14030304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smalcova J, Belohlavek J. Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia in Cardiac Arrest Patients. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2023; 24(9): 262. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2409262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smalcova J, Belohlavek J. Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia in Cardiac Arrest Patients. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2023; 24(9): 262. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2409262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pérez-García C, de Miguel Campos E, Fernández GA, et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia: CT findings, clinical outcomes and assessment of the diameter of the superior mesenteric artery. Br J Radiol. 2018; 91 (1081): 20170492. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20170492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pérez-García C, de Miguel Campos E, Fernández GA, et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia: CT findings, clinical outcomes and assessment of the diameter of the superior mesenteric artery. Br J Radiol. 2018; 91 (1081): 20170492. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20170492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourcier S, Klug J, Nguyen LS. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: Diagnostic challenges and perspectives in the era of artificial intelligence. World J Gastroenterol. 2021; 27(26): 4088-4103. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourcier S, Klug J, Nguyen LS. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: Diagnostic challenges and perspectives in the era of artificial intelligence. World J Gastroenterol. 2021; 27(26): 4088-4103. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ручкин Д.В., Оконская Д.Е., Кармазановский Г.Г. и др. Неокклюзионная мезентериальная ишемия в реконструктивной хирургии органов желудочно-кишечного тракта // Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова. – 2022. – №5. – С.18-24. doi: 10.17116/hirurgia202205118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruchkin DV, Okonskaya DE, Karmazanovsky GG, et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia in reconstructive digestive tract surgery. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2022; 5: 18-24. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/hirurgia202205118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Diery H, Phillips A, Evennett N, et al. The Pathogenesis of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia: Implications for Research and Clinical Practice. J Intensive Care Med. 2019; 34(10): 771-781. doi: 10.1177/0885066618788827.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Diery H, Phillips A, Evennett N, et al. The Pathogenesis of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia: Implications for Research and Clinical Practice. J Intensive Care Med. 2019; 34(10): 771-781. doi: 10.1177/0885066618788827.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takiguchi T, Nakajima M, Ohbe H, et al. Vasodilator Therapy and Mortality in Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia: A Nationwide Observational Study. Crit Care Med. 2020; 48(5): e356-e361. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takiguchi T, Nakajima M, Ohbe H, et al. Vasodilator Therapy and Mortality in Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia: A Nationwide Observational Study. Crit Care Med. 2020; 48(5): e356-e361. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagnacci G, Guerrini S, Gentili F, et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) and prognostic signs at CT: reperfusion or not reperfusion that is the question!. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022; 47(5): 1603-1613. doi: 10.1007/s00261-021-03317-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagnacci G, Guerrini S, Gentili F, et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) and prognostic signs at CT: reperfusion or not reperfusion that is the question!. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022; 47(5): 1603-1613. doi: 10.1007/s00261-021-03317-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konan A, Piton G, Ronot M, et al. Abdominal atherosclerosis is not a risk factor of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia among critically ill patients: a propensity matching study. Ann Intensive Care. 2022; 12(1): 117. doi: 10.1186/s13613-022-01096-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konan A, Piton G, Ronot M, et al. Abdominal atherosclerosis is not a risk factor of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia among critically ill patients: a propensity matching study. Ann Intensive Care. 2022; 12(1): 117. doi: 10.1186/s13613-022-01096-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reichling C, Nobile L, Pezzullo M, et al. Non-occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia as a Fatal Complication in Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Series. Dig Dis Sci. 2020; 65(4): 1212-1222. doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-05835-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reichling C, Nobile L, Pezzullo M, et al. Non-occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia as a Fatal Complication in Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Series. Dig Dis Sci. 2020; 65(4): 1212-1222. doi: 10.1007/s10620-019-05835-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Topolsky A, Pantet O, Liaudet L, et al. MDCT-findings in patients with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI): influence of vasoconstrictor agents. Eur Radiol. 2023; 33(5): 3627-3637. doi: 10.1007/s00330-023-09415-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Topolsky A, Pantet O, Liaudet L, et al. MDCT-findings in patients with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI): influence of vasoconstrictor agents. Eur Radiol. 2023; 33(5): 3627-3637. doi: 10.1007/s00330-023-09415-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu B, Ko RE, Yoo K, et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia in critically ill patients. PLoS One. 2022; 17(12): e0279196. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu B, Ko RE, Yoo K, et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia in critically ill patients. PLoS One. 2022; 17(12): e0279196. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farooq U, Alcantar D, Ahmed Z, Abegunde AT. Outcomes of Vasoconstrictor-Induced Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia of Colon: A Systematic Review. Clin Med Res. Published online June 8, 2022. doi: 10.3121/cmr.2022.1726.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farooq U, Alcantar D, Ahmed Z, Abegunde AT. Outcomes of Vasoconstrictor-Induced Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia of Colon: A Systematic Review. Clin Med Res. Published online June 8, 2022. doi: 10.3121/cmr.2022.1726.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yukaya T, Saeki H, Taketani K, et al. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors after surgery for non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: a multicenter study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014; 18(9): 1642-1647. doi: 10.1007/s11605-014-2579-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yukaya T, Saeki H, Taketani K, et al. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors after surgery for non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: a multicenter study. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014; 18(9): 1642-1647. doi: 10.1007/s11605-014-2579-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitsuyoshi A, Obama K, Shinkura N, et al. Survival in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: early diagnosis by multidetector row computed tomography and early treatment with continuous intravenous high-dose prostaglandin E(1). Ann Surg. 2007; 246(2): 229-235. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000263157.59422.76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitsuyoshi A, Obama K, Shinkura N, et al. Survival in nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia: early diagnosis by multidetector row computed tomography and early treatment with continuous intravenous high-dose prostaglandin E(1). Ann Surg. 2007; 246(2): 229-235. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000263157.59422.76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Z, Liu X, Shou C, et al. Advances in the diagnosis of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia and challenges in intra-abdominal sepsis patients: a narrative review. PeerJ. 2023; 11: e15307. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Z, Liu X, Shou C, et al. Advances in the diagnosis of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia and challenges in intra-abdominal sepsis patients: a narrative review. PeerJ. 2023; 11: e15307. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rittgerodt N, Pape T, Busch M, et al. Predictors of response to intra-arterial vasodilatory therapy of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia in patients with severe shock: results from a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2022; 26(1): 92. doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-03962-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rittgerodt N, Pape T, Busch M, et al. Predictors of response to intra-arterial vasodilatory therapy of non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia in patients with severe shock: results from a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2022; 26(1): 92. doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-03962-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsumoto S, Shiraishi A, Kojima M, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy for nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia in models with biomarkers including intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in addition to clinical findings. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019; 86(2): 220-225. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsumoto S, Shiraishi A, Kojima M, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy for nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia in models with biomarkers including intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in addition to clinical findings. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019; 86(2): 220-225. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourcier S, Oudjit A, Goudard G, et al. Diagnosis of non-occlusive acute mesenteric ischemia in the intensive care unit. Ann Intensive Care. 2016; 6(1): 112. doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0213-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourcier S, Oudjit A, Goudard G, et al. Diagnosis of non-occlusive acute mesenteric ischemia in the intensive care unit. Ann Intensive Care. 2016; 6(1): 112. doi: 10.1186/s13613-016-0213-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Käser R, Bettinger D, Neeff H, et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: the wolf in sheep’s clothing. Intensive Care Med. 2024; 50(6): 1010-1012. doi: 10.1007/s00134-024-07432-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Käser R, Bettinger D, Neeff H, et al. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia: the wolf in sheep’s clothing. Intensive Care Med. 2024; 50(6): 1010-1012. doi: 10.1007/s00134-024-07432-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katano K, Yoshimitsu Y, Haba Y, Maeda T. Mild nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia associated with syncope. Clin J Gastroenterol. 2021; 14(3): 776-781. doi: 10.1007/s12328-021-01379-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katano K, Yoshimitsu Y, Haba Y, Maeda T. Mild nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia associated with syncope. Clin J Gastroenterol. 2021; 14(3): 776-781. doi: 10.1007/s12328-021-01379-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohira G, Hayano K, Tochigi T, et al. Treatment outcomes in non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia and post-treatment return to social activities. Surg Today. 2025; 55(3): 360-369. doi: 10.1007/s00595-024-02909-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohira G, Hayano K, Tochigi T, et al. Treatment outcomes in non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia and post-treatment return to social activities. Surg Today. 2025; 55(3): 360-369. doi: 10.1007/s00595-024-02909-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stahl K, Busch M, Maschke SK, et al. A Retrospective Analysis of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia in Medical and Surgical ICU Patients: Clinical Data on Demography, Clinical Signs, and Survival. J Intensive Care Med. 2020; 35(11): 1162-1172. doi: 10.1177/0885066619837911.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stahl K, Busch M, Maschke SK, et al. A Retrospective Analysis of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia in Medical and Surgical ICU Patients: Clinical Data on Demography, Clinical Signs, and Survival. J Intensive Care Med. 2020; 35(11): 1162-1172. doi: 10.1177/0885066619837911.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levis A, Bomberg H, Groesdonk HV, Erdoes G. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia: just avoid norepinephrine, what else? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2022; 62(2): ezac185. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levis A, Bomberg H, Groesdonk HV, Erdoes G. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia: just avoid norepinephrine, what else? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2022; 62(2): ezac185. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
