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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2026_21_1_9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-528</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>БИОДЕГРАДАЦИЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОТЕЗОВ АОРТАЛЬНОГО КЛАПАНА: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕДИКТОРЫ И АНАЛИЗ ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТИ НА ОСНОВЕ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ И МЕТОДА PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>BIODEGRADATION OF BIOPROSTHETIC AORTIC VALVES: CLINICAL PREDICTORS AND SURVIVAL ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING AND PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майстренко</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maistrenko</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maistr1987@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курашенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurashenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Успенский</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uspensky</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурщенков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurschenkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Генералов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Generalov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеев</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeev</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский научный центр радиологии и хирургических технологий им. академика А.М. Гранова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Scientific Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies named after Academician A.M. Granov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Майстренко А.Д., Курашенко В.В., Успенский В.Е., Гурщенков А.В., Крылова Ю.С., Генералов М.В., Гордеев М.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Майстренко А.Д., Курашенко В.В., Успенский В.Е., Гурщенков А.В., Крылова Ю.С., Генералов М.В., Гордеев М.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maistrenko A.D., Kurashenko V.V., Uspensky V.E., Gurschenkov A.N., Krylova Y.S., Generalov M.V., Gordeev M.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/528">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/528</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: Биологические протезы аортального клапана широко применяются в кардиохирургии благодаря снижению риска тромбоэмболий и отсутствию необходимости пожизненной антикоагулянтной терапии. Однако их долговечность ограничена риском структурной деградации, что остаётся нерешённой клинической проблемой. Недостаточно изучены факторы, определяющие сроки и вероятность деградации, особенно при использовании методов многофакторного анализа и машинного обучения. Цель: Определить частоту и сроки биодеградации биопротезов аортального клапана и выявить клинические и ЭхоКГ предикторы её развития с использованием статистического моделирования, машинного обучения и Propensity Score Matching.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: Проведено ретроспективное когортное исследование, включившее 259 пациентов, перенесших протезирование аортального клапана биопротезом в 2012–2022 гг. Критериями деградации служили: морфологические изменения створок (фиброз, кальциноз), нарастание трансвальвулярного градиента (максимального &gt;40 мм рт. ст. или среднего &gt;30 мм рт. ст.), аортальная регургитация ≥2 степени, повторная операция или смерть, связанная с дисфункцией протеза. Первичной конечной точкой было время до развития деградации. Использованы логистическая регрессия, алгоритм случайного леса (Random Forest), анализ Kaplan–Meier и PSM.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: За медианный срок наблюдения 48 месяцев признаки деградации выявлены у 62 (23,9%) пациентов. Логистический анализ выявил значимые ассоциации с индексом массы тела (p&lt;0,001), сниженной фракцией выброса (p&lt;0,001), ишемической болезнью сердца (p = 0,010), хронической сердечной недостаточностью III ФК и выше (p = 0,020) и уровнем креатинина (p = 0,048). Модель Random Forest показала AUC = 0,72, наибольшую значимость имели фракция выброса, индекс массы тела, уровень креатинина и возраст. PSM-анализ подтвердил достоверное сокращение срока функционирования протезов в группе с деградацией (38 против 48 месяцев; log-rank p = 0,010).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: Структурная деградация биопротезов аортального клапана развивается у четверти пациентов в течение первых пяти лет после операции. Применение многоуровневого анализа, включающего машинное обучение и PSM, позволяет точнее идентифицировать пациентов группы риска и способствует персонализации клинического наблюдения и выбора тактики хирургического лечения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: Bioprosthetic aortic valves (AV) are widely used in cardiac surgery due to the absence of lifelong anticoagulation requirements and a lower risk of thromboembolic complications. However, their durability is limited by structural valve deterioration (SVD), which may lead to prosthetic dysfunction, reoperations, and increased mortality. Despite numerous reports, the predictors of accelerated valve degeneration remain insufficiently understood, particularly in the context of multifactorial analysis and machine learning applications. Aims: To determine the frequency and timing of bioprosthetic AV degeneration and to identify clinical and echocardiographic predictors of structural deterioration using statistical modeling, machine learning, and propensity score matching (PSM).</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study included 259 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis between 2012 and 2022. Criteria for SVD were morphological leaflet changes (fibrosis, calcification), increased transvalvular gradients (peak &gt;40 mmHg or mean &gt;30 mmHg), aortic regurgitation ≥ grade 2, reoperation, or death due to prosthetic dysfunction. The primary endpoint was time to valve degeneration. Statistical methods included logistic regression, random forest modeling, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and PSM.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Structural valve deterioration was detected in 62 patients (23.9%) during a median follow-up of 48 months. Logistic regression demonstrated significant associations with body mass index (OR 3.39; 95% CI: 2.54–4.53; p&lt;0.001), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (p&lt;0.001), coronary artery disease (p = 0.010), chronic heart failure class III or higher (p = 0.020), and serum creatinine (p = 0.048). The random forest model achieved an AUC of 0.72, with the most relevant predictors being ejection fraction, body mass index, creatinine, and age. PSM analysis confirmed significantly shorter prosthesis durability in the SVD group compared with matched controls (median 38 vs. 48 months; log-rank p = 0.010).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: Bioprosthetic AV deterioration occurs in nearly one-quarter of patients within 4–5 years after surgery. A multilevel approach using machine learning and PSM improves risk stratification and may support personalized follow-up and surgical decision-making.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биопротез аортального клапана</kwd><kwd>структурная деградация</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aortic valve prosthesis</kwd><kwd>bioprosthesis</kwd><kwd>structural valve deterioration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокерия Л.А., Милиевская Е.Б., Прянишников В.В., Юрлов И.А., Кудзоева З.Ф. 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