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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2025_20_4_118</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-481</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ИММУНОМОДУЛИРУЮЩЕЙ ТЕРАПИИ РАССЕЯННОГО СКЛЕРОЗ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MODERN ASPECTS OF IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPY FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нимерчий</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nimerchy</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihailnimerchy@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazeva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попкова</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkova</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симоненко</surname><given-names>О. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonenko</surname><given-names>O. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volga Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>118</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нимерчий М.А., Князева А.И., Новиков В.М., Попкова П.М., Симоненко О.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нимерчий М.А., Князева А.И., Новиков В.М., Попкова П.М., Симоненко О.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nimerchy M.A., Knyazeva A.I., Novikov V.M., Popkova P.M., Simonenko O.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/481">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/481</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Рассеянный склероз (РС) – хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание ЦНС, характеризующееся демиелинизацией, аксональным повреждением и прогрессирующим неврологическим дефицитом.Цель: анализ современных литературных источников, в которых отражены особенности применения иммуномодулирующей терапии для контроля симптомов РС.Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор источников, опубликованных с 2019 по 2025 гг., в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и eLIBRARY. RU. В анализ включены систематические обзоры, метаанализы, оригинальные исследования и рандомизированные контролируемые испытания, содержащие данные об эффективности и безопасности иммунотерапии.Результаты. Установлено, что терапия иммуномодулирующими препаратами и препаратами интерферонов снижает частоту обострений и активность очагов по МРТ без выраженных нежелательных эффектов. Модуляторы сфингозин-1-фосфата показали эффективность в ограничении миграции лимфоцитов и снижении воспаления в ЦНС. Препараты из группы анти-CD20 моноклональных антител достоверно снижают риск прогрессирования инвалидизации, а также уровень нейрофиламента легкой цепи, который рассматривается как маркер нейроаксонального повреждения. Побочные эффекты большинства препаратов не превышали показатели контроля.Заключение. Иммуномодулирующая терапия при РС эффективна для снижения активности заболевания и темпов прогрессирования неврологического дефицита. Ее влияние на устойчивые симптомы, такие как когнитивные нарушения и утомляемость, требуют дальнейшего изучения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rationale. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, axonal damage, and progressive neurological impairment.Objective. The aim of this study is to analyze current literature data addressing the use of immunomodulatory therapy in the management of MS symptoms.Methods. A literature review was conducted using sources published from 2019 to 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLIBRARY.RU databases. The analysis included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, original research articles, and randomized controlled trials reporting data on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy.Results. It has been established that therapy with immunomodulatory agents and interferon-based drugs reduces the frequency of relapses and lesion activity on magnetic resonance imaging without significant adverse effects. Sphingosine-1-phosphate modulators have demonstrated efficacy in limiting lymphocyte migration and reducing inflammation in the central nervous system. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies significantly reduce the risk of disability progression as well as the level of neurofilament light chain, which is considered a marker of neuroaxonal damage. Adverse effects associated with most therapies did not exceed control group values.Conclusion. Immunomodulatory therapy in MS is effective in reducing the activity of the disease and the rate of progression of neurological deficits. Its effect on persistent symptoms such as cognitive impairment and fatigue requires further study.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рассеянный склероз</kwd><kwd>иммуномодулирующая терапия</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>нейрофиламент</kwd><kwd>глатирамера ацетат</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>multiple sclerosis</kwd><kwd>immunomodulatory therapy</kwd><kwd>glatiramer acetate</kwd><kwd>sphingosine-1-phosphate</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>neurofilament</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рассеянный склероз / Всемирная организация здравоохранения. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/multiple-sclerosis.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Рассеянный склероз / Всемирная организация здравоохранения. https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/multiple-sclerosis.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epedemiology / Atlas of MS. https://www.atlasofms.org/map/global/epidemiology/number-of-people-with-ms.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epedemiology / Atlas of MS. https://www.atlasofms.org/map/global/epidemiology/number-of-people-with-ms.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суминов В.В., Анциферова Е.В. 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