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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2025_20_4_112</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-480</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИММУНОТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ ПРИ АУТОИММУННОМ ТИРЕОИДИТЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимагомедова</surname><given-names>З. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimagomedova</surname><given-names>Z. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Махачкала </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Makhachkala</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alimagomedova.zarema@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соломаха</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solomakha</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лялин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyalin</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муродов</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murodov</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саранск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saransk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобобекова</surname><given-names>Н. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobobekova</surname><given-names>N. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саранск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saransk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Дагестанский государственный медицинский&#13;
университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dagestan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарёва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>117</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алимагомедова З.К., Соломаха С.А., Лялин В.А., Муродов О.Р., Бобобекова Н.Ж., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алимагомедова З.К., Соломаха С.А., Лялин В.А., Муродов О.Р., Бобобекова Н.Ж.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alimagomedova Z.K., Solomakha S.A., Lyalin V.A., Murodov O.R., Bobobekova N.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/480">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/480</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Аутоиммунный тиреоидит (АИТ) представляет собой органоспецифическое аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся лимфоцитарной инфильтрацией ткани щитовидной железы, нарушением толерантности к тиреоидным антигенам и продукцией органоспецифических аутоантител.Цель: обзор современных данных, которые касающихся иммунотерапевтических подходов к лечению АИТ.Материалы и методы. Анализ проведен на основе литературных источников за 2019 – 2025 годы, отобранных из баз данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science и eLIBRARY. Включению подлежали публикации, посвященные патогенезу АИТ и иммунотерапевтическим подходам, удовлетворяющие критериям оригинальности и научной достоверности.Результаты. Проанализированы ключевые иммунопатогенетические звенья, участвующие в развитии АИТ: активация аутоагрессивных CD4+клеток, дефицит и функциональная недостаточность регуляторных T-клеток, гиперактивность B-лимфоцитов и дисрегуляция провоспалительных цитокинов. Приведены актуальные подходы к иммунотерапии, включая использование моноклональных антител (в частности, анти-CD20), терапию с применением регуляторных T-клеток, введение синтетических пептидных вакцин и таргетинг Toll-подобных рецепторов.Заключение. Иммунотерапия, ориентированная на восстановление антиген-специфической иммунной толерантности, является перспективным направлением патогенетического лечения АИТ. Наиболее обоснованными представляются подходы, предусматривающие избирательную модуляцию активности ключевых звеньев иммунного ответа. Несмотря на обнадеживающие экспериментальные результаты, внедрение данных стратегий в клиническую практику ограничивается отсутствием масштабных рандомизированных исследований и недостаточной доказательной базой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rationale. Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid tissue, impaired tolerance to thyroid antigens, and the production of organ-specific autoantibodies.Objective. The aim of this study is to review current data regarding immunotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of AIT.Methods. The analysis was conducted based on literature published between 2019 and 2025, selected from the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLIBRARY databases. Included were publications focused on the pathogenesis of AIT and immunotherapeutic approaches that met the criteria of originality and scientific validity.Results. Key immunopathogenetic mechanisms implicated in AIT development were examined, including activation of autoreactive CD4+ cells, deficiency and dysfunction of regulatory T cells, hyperactivity of B-lymphocytes, and dysregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Contemporary immunotherapeutic approaches are presented, encompassing monoclonal antibodies (particularly anti-CD20), therapies utilizing regulatory T cells, administration of synthetic peptide vaccines, and targeting of Toll-like receptors.Conclusion. Immunotherapy aimed at restoring antigen-specific immune tolerance represents a promising direction in the pathogenetic treatment of AIT. The most substantiated strategies involve selective modulation of critical immune components. Despite encouraging experimental findings, the integration of these approaches into clinical practice is currently limited by the absence of large-scale randomized trials and insufficient evidence base.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутоиммунный тиреоидит</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>тиреоидные антитела</kwd><kwd>регуляторные T-клетки</kwd><kwd>пептидные вакцины</kwd><kwd>CD20</kwd><kwd>Toll-подобные рецепторы 2</kwd><kwd>антиген-специфическая толерантность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autoimmune thyroiditis</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>thyroid antibodies</kwd><kwd>regulatory T cells</kwd><kwd>peptide vaccines</kwd><kwd>CD20</kwd><kwd>Toll-like receptors</kwd><kwd>antigen-specific tolerance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao ZX, Miller JS, Zheng SG. 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