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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2025_20_4_40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-468</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗА СОННЫХ АРТЕРИЙ НА КОГНИТИВНЫЙ СТАТУС ПАЦИЕНТОВ В ПЕРИОПЕРАЦИОННОМ ПЕРИОДЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INFLUENCE OF CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS ON THE COGNITIVE STATUS OF PATIENTS IN THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепелица</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepelitsa</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калининград</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>KaliningradMoscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sveta_perepeliza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забалуева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabalueva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калининград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kaliningrad</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатравка</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatravka</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калининград </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kaliningrad </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта;&#13;
Федеральный научно-исследовательский центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University;&#13;
Federal Research Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта;&#13;
ГБУЗ «Областная клиническая больница Калининградской области»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University;&#13;
Regional Clinical Hospital of the Kaliningrad Region</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Перепелица С.А., Забалуева А.А., Шатравка А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перепелица С.А., Забалуева А.А., Шатравка А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Perepelitsa S.A., Zabalueva A.A., Shatravka A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/468">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/468</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: атеросклероз сонных артерий приводит к глобальным изменениям структуры, уменьшению объема серого и увеличению белого вещества, появлению хронической недостаточностью мозгового кровообращения и когнитивной дисфункции. Пациенты со значимым стенозом нуждаются в оперативном лечении, которое, с одной стороны, может улучшить когнитивный статус и качество жизни, с другой – является фактором риска его усугубления в ближайшем или отдаленном послеоперационном периоде.Цель: изучение частоты встречаемости когнитивных нарушений и выявление факторов риска их развития у пациентов с атеросклерозом сонных артерий в периоперационном периоде.Материалы и методы. В проспективное обсервационное одноцентровое исследование включено 60 пациентов с атеросклерозом артерий различной локализации, перенесших плановое оперативное лечение. В периоперационном периоде исследовался когнитивный статус с помощью Монреальской шкалы оценки когнитивных функций (MoCA). Первый тест проводили за сутки до операции, повторно – на 5–е сутки после операции.Результаты. В зависимости результата теста МоСА, пациенты разделены на две группы: группа 1 – 22 пациента без когнитивных нарушений, среднее значение теста MoCA – 27,4±1,2 балла; группа 2 – 38 пациентов с когнитивными нарушениями, среднее значение теста MoCA – 21,9±3,4 балла. Между группами установлены статистически значимые различия по тесту MoCA (р &lt;0,001). У пациентов группы 2 снижены зрительно–конструктивные навыки, речь, внимание, память и ориентация. Возраст является ключевым фактором, оказывающим влияние на когнитивный статус, что обусловлено наличием отрицательной корреляционной связи средней силы с общим баллом теста MoCA (r = – 0,481; р&lt;0,001), а также с речью (r = – 0,426; р&lt;0,001), зрительно-конструктивными навыками (r = –0,417; р&lt;0,001) и памятью (r = –0,283; р = 0,031). Атеросклероз сонных артерий имеет отрицательную корреляционную связь с памятью (r = –0,46; р&lt;0,001), а нижних конечностей – положительную связь с общим баллом MoCA (r = 0,318; р = 0,013). После хирургического вмешательства среднее значение теста МоСА в группах составило соответственно 26,8±2,2 и 23,3±2,9 балла (р&lt;0,001). В послеоперационном периоде установлены отрицательная связь между абстрактным мышлением и степенью стеноза СА (r = –0,503; р = 0,047), оперативным вмешательством (r = –0,321; р = 0,029), эндотрахеальным наркозом (r = -0,355; р = 0,015), продолжительностью операции и вниманием (r = –0,435; р = 0,026), эндотрахеальным наркозом и ориентацией (r = –0,325; р = 0,028).Заключение. В исследовании установлено, что у 63% пациентов с атеросклерозом артерий, поступивших на плановое лечение, впервые выявлены когнитивные нарушения. На когнитивный статус у пациентов с атеросклерозом сонных артерий негативно влияют множественный факторы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries leads to global changes in structure, a decrease in the volume of gray matter and an increase in white matter, the appearance of chronic cerebral circulatory failure and cognitive dysfunction. Patients with significant stenosis require surgical treatment, which, on the one hand, can improve cognitive status and quality of life, on the other hand, is a risk factor for its aggravation in the immediate or remote postoperative period.Aim: study of the incidence of cognitive impairment and identification of risk factors for their development in patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis in the perioperative period.Materials and methods. A prospective observational single–center study included 60 patients with atherosclerosis of arteries of various localizations who underwent planned surgical treatment. In the perioperative period, cognitive status was examined using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The first test was performed one day before surgery, and again on the 5th day after surgery.Results. Depending on the MoCA test result, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 – 22 patients without cognitive impairment, average MoCA test value was 27.4±1.2 points; Group 2 – 38 patients with cognitive impairment, average MoCA test value was 21.9±3.4 points. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups for the MoCA test (p &lt;0.001). Patients in Group 2 had reduced visual-constructive skills, speech, attention, memory, and orientation. Age is a key factor influencing cognitive status, which is due to the presence of a negative correlation of moderate strength with the total MoCA test score (r = –0.481; p&lt;0.001), as well as with speech (r = –0.426; p&lt;0.001), visual-constructive skills (r = –0.417; p&lt;0.001) and memory (r = –0.283; p = 0.031). Atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries has a negative correlation with memory (r = –0.46; p&lt;0.001), and lower extremity atherosclerosis has a positive correlation with the total MoCA score (r = 0.318; p = 0.013). After surgery, the average MoCA test score in the groups was 26.8±2.2 and 23.3±2.9 points (p&lt;0.001), respectively. In the postoperative period, a negative relationship was established between abstract thinking and the degree of carotid artery stenosis (r = –0.503; p = 0.047), surgical intervention (r = –0.321; p = 0.029), endotracheal anesthesia (r = –0.355; p = 0.015), duration of surgery and attention (r = –0.435; p = 0.026), endotracheal anesthesia and orientation (r = –0.325; p = 0.028).Conclusion. The study found that 63% of patients with arterial atherosclerosis admitted for planned treatment were diagnosed with cognitive impairment for the first time. Multiple factors negatively affect the cognitive status of patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>сонная артерия</kwd><kwd>каротидная эндартерэктомия</kwd><kwd>анестезия</kwd><kwd>ишемия мозга</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive dysfunction</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>carotid Arteries</kwd><kwd>carotid endarterectomy</kwd><kwd>anaesthesia</kwd><kwd>brain ischemia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World health statistics 2025: Monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/3814-18/9789240110496-eng.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World health statistics 2025: Monitoring health for the SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/3814-18/9789240110496-eng.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение в России. 2023: Стат. сб. 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