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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2025_20_4_S1_63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-432</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АТОНИЯ НИЖНЕГО ВЕКА: ПАТОГЕНЕЗ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ КОРРЕКЦИИ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LOWER EYELID ATONY: PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND POSSIBILITIES OF CORRECTION. LITERATURE REVIEW</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумар</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шклярук</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shklyaruk</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельниченко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnichenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.oftalmolog@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фам</surname><given-names>Т. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pham</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шклярук</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shklyaruk</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов   им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов   им. Патриса Лумумбы»; ООО «Центр глазного протезирования»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; Eye Prosthetics Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>приложение 1</issue-title><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фролов М.А., Кумар В., Шклярук В.В., Мельниченко С.В., Фам Т.З., Шклярук Л.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фролов М.А., Кумар В., Шклярук В.В., Мельниченко С.В., Фам Т.З., Шклярук Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frolov M.A., Kumar V., Shklyaruk V.V., Melnichenko S.V., Pham T.D., Shklyaruk L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/432">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/432</self-uri><abstract><p>Атония нижнего века является одной из частых причин осложнений при глазном протезировании у пациентов с анофтальмом. Снижение тонуса века приводит к нестабильному удержанию глазного протеза в конъюнктивальной полости, вывороту века, слезотечению и воспалительным изменениям. Эти нарушения существенно снижают эффективность реабилитации и качество жизни пациентов.</p><p>В представленной обзорной статье обобщены современные данные о строении и функциях нижнего века, механизмах развития атонии, клинических проявлениях и диагностических подходах. Проанализированы хирургические методы коррекции — от классических кантопластик до применения синтетических имплантатов и кожно-слизистых трансплантатов. Рассматриваются особенности подбора глазного протеза у пациентов с атонией, включая необходимость индивидуального моделирования формы и массы изделия.</p><p>Сделан акцент на междисциплинарном подходе и важности ранней диагностики атонии как одного из условий успешного глазного протезирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lower eyelid atony is a common cause of ocular prosthetic complications in patients with anophthalmos. Decreased eyelid tone results in prosthesis instability, eyelid eversion, excessive tearing, and inflammatory changes. These manifestations greatly compromise both rehabilitation outcomes and patients’ quality of life. The condition gains particular clinical importance in individuals who have undergone oncological surgery or radiation therapy, where marked scarring and tissue fibrosis often occur in the orbit.</p><p>This review article provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the anatomy and physiology of the lower eyelid, the mechanisms underlying atony development, its clinical features, and diagnostic methods. Various surgical correction techniques are discussed — ranging from traditional canthoplasty to the application of synthetic implants and skin–mucosal grafts. The review also addresses specific aspects of ocular prosthesis fitting in patients with eyelid atony, emphasizing the need for individualized design in terms of shape and weight.</p><p>Particular attention is devoted to the challenges of ophthalmic rehabilitation in patients post-radiation therapy for retinoblastoma and other malignant tumors. The article highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and underscores early detection of eyelid atony as a key factor for successful ocular prosthetic rehabilitation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атония нижнего века</kwd><kwd>глазной протез</kwd><kwd>индивидуальное глазное протезирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lower eyelid atony</kwd><kwd>eye prosthesis</kwd><kwd>individual eye prosthetics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филатова, И. А. Результаты укрепления нижнего века имплантатами из политетрафторэтилена / И. А. Филатова // Восток-Запад: сб. науч. тр. науч.- практ. конф. по офтальмохирургии с международ. участием – Уфа, 2012. – С. 432-433.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filatova, I. A. Results of strengthening the lower eyelid with polytetrafluoroethylene implants / I. A. 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