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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2025_20_4_S1_48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-427</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОТ ЭПИСКЛЕРАЛЬНОГО ПЛОМБИРОВАНИЯ К ВИТРЭКТОМИИ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ РЕГМАТОГЕННОЙ ОТСЛОЙКИ СЕТЧАТКИ С ВЕРХНИМИ РАЗРЫВАМИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MODERN SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT WTH SUPERIOR BREAKS: CURRENT STATUS FROM SCLERAL BUCKLING TO VITRECTOMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаева</surname><given-names>Д. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babaeva</surname><given-names>D. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sandrikdalog@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файзрахманов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fajzrahmanov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкин</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>SHishkin</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Далогланян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Daloglanyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жабоев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>ZHaboev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра офтальмологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова»; Институт усовершенствования врачей Национального медико-хирургического Центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center; The Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians of the National Medical   and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт усовершенствования врачей Национального медико-хирургического Центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians of the National Medical   and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>приложение 1</issue-title><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабаева Д.Б., Файзрахманов Р.Р., Шишкин М.М., Далогланян А.А., Жабоев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабаева Д.Б., Файзрахманов Р.Р., Шишкин М.М., Далогланян А.А., Жабоев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babaeva D.B., Fajzrahmanov R.R., SHishkin M.M., Daloglanyan A.A., ZHaboev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/427">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/427</self-uri><abstract><p>Регматогенная отслойка сетчатки (РОС) остаётся одной из наиболее частых причин острой потери зрения и требует своевременного хирургического вмешательства. Современные данные указывают на рост заболеваемости РОС, особенно на фоне старения населения и распространённости миопии, при этом наивысшие показатели фиксируются среди пациентов с высокой миопией [1–4]. Выбор первичной хирургической тактики при РОС с верхними разрывами остаётся предметом дискуссии. Пневморетинопексия как малоинвазивная операция демонстрирует хорошие функциональные исходы у тщательно отобранных пациентов, включая преимущество по остроте зрения и метаморфопсии, но сопровождается более высокой частотой новых разрывов и зависит от строгого соблюдения позиционирования [6–8; 17–19]. Эписклеральное пломбирование сохраняет значимость, особенно у факичных пациентов, с меньшим риском развития катаракты; в то же время витрэктомия стала наиболее распространённой процедурой благодаря улучшенной визуализации, контролю ПВР и развитию технологий (малоразмерные калибры, 3D-визуализация, интраоперационная ОКТ) [5; 9–11; 20–22]. Выбор тампонады при витрэктомии определяется локализацией разрывов, при неосложнённых отслойках и верхних разрывах всё чаще обсуждается использование воздуха, тогда как при гигантских разрывах и выраженной ПВР преимущество остаётся за длительной тампонадой газом или силиконовым маслом [13–16; 23–25]. В обзоре синтезированы критерии отбора пациентов и практический алгоритм выбора вмешательства с учётом статуса хрусталика, числа и протяжённости разрывов, степени ПВР, макулярного статуса и способности к позиционированию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) remains a leading cause of acute visual loss and requires timely surgical repair. Contemporary epidemiology shows rising RRD incidence worldwide among highly myopic patients [1–4]. First-line surgical management for RRD with superior breaks is debated. Pneumatic retinopexy (PR) offers minimally invasive repair with favorable functional outcomes in well-selected cases; the PIVOT randomized trial demonstrated better visual acuity and less vertical metamorphopsia versus pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), albeit with higher rates of new postoperative breaks and strong dependence on patient compliance with head positioning [6–8; 17–19]. Scleral buckling (SB) remains relevant, especially in phakic eyes due to lower cataract progression risk, while PPV is now the most commonly performed procedure, driven by improved visualization, control of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and advances in technology (small-gauge systems, 3D heads-up viewing, intraoperative OCT) [5; 9–11; 20–22]. Choice of tamponade (air, SF6/C2F6/C3F8 gas, silicone oil) should account for break location, PVR grade, and patient positioning; air tamponade is increasingly discussed for uncomplicated superior breaks, whereas long-acting gas or silicone oil remains preferable for giant retinal tears and advanced PVR [13–16; 23–25]. This review synthesizes selection criteria and proposes a pragmatic decision algorithm considering lens status, number and extent of breaks, PVR severity, macular status, and positioning adherence.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регматогенная отслойка сетчатки</kwd><kwd>верхние разрывы</kwd><kwd>витрэктомия</kwd><kwd>эписклеральное пломбирование</kwd><kwd>пневморетинопексия</kwd><kwd>пролиферативная витреоретинопатия</kwd><kwd>тампонада</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rhegmatogenous retinal detachment</kwd><kwd>superior breaks</kwd><kwd>vitrectomy</kwd><kwd>scleral buckling</kwd><kwd>pneumatic retinopexy</kwd><kwd>proliferative vitreoretinopathy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Файзрахманов Р.Р., Клев В.С., Шишкин М.М., Павловский О.А., Сехина О.Л., Ваганова Е.Е. 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