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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2024_19_4_31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПЕРВЫЙ ОПЫТ 3-D ПЕЧАТИ МОДЕЛЕЙ ИНТРАКРАНИАЛЬНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ В ТРЕНИНГЕ И ОБУЧЕНИИ ЭНДОВАСКУЛЯРНЫМ НЕЙРОИНТЕРВЕНЦИЯМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE FIRST EXPERIENCE OF USING 3-D PRINTED MODELS OF INTRACRANIAL ARTERIES IN TRAINING AND TEACHING ENDOVASCULAR NEUROINTERVENTIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климовский</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimovsky</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semyn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газарян</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ghazaryan</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кричман</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krichman</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирилашвили</surname><given-names>Т. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirilashvili</surname><given-names>T. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Moscow </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГКБ им. А.К. Ерамишанцева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital named after A.K. Yeramishantsev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Климовский С.Д., Газарян Г.Г., Кричман М.Д., Мирилашвили Т.Ш., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Климовский С.Д., Газарян Г.Г., Кричман М.Д., Мирилашвили Т.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klimovsky S.D., Ghazaryan G.G., Krichman M.D., Mirilashvili T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/220">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/220</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: Эндоваскулярное вмешательство, зачастую, является средством первой линии в лечении пациентов с патологией интракраниальных артерий. Специалистам, выполняющим лечебные вмешательства по поводу сосудов головного мозга, необходимо иметь специализированную практическую подготовку, поскольку цена ошибки крайне высока. Поэтому эти вмешательства выполняются резидентами и ординаторами самостоятельно наименее часто по сравнению с другими эндоваскулярными операциями. Печать трехмерных моделей - уникальный образовательный инструмент, способный повысить эффективность обучения эндоваскулярным техникам. Однако, до настоящего времени, роль этой новой технологии в подготовке специалистов, так же как особенности ее применения освещены недостаточно.Цель: анализ влияния применения 3D-печати индивидуально воссозданной цифровой модели сосудистых структур головного мозга на результаты тренинга и обучения техническим аспектам эндоваскулярных нейроинтервенций.Материалы и методы: На первом этапе исследования проведен анализ принципиальной возможности 3D-печати на основе индивидуально воссозданной цифровой трехмерной модели сосудов (на примере бифуркации сонной артерии). В качестве исходного сырья для 3D-печати выбран силикон. Установлено, что при печати однокомпонентным силиконом имеется значительная ребристость модели. Апробированы двухкомпонентные силиконовые компаунды; продемонстрировано их соответствие требуемым характеристикам сосудистой модели по оптической прозрачности и прочности. Изготовлены 20 вариантов моделей бифуркаций сонной артерии. Задачей второго этапа было создание 3D моделей сосудистых структур более сложной формы и меньшего внутреннего диаметра, чем на первом этапе. В результате, спроектированы 3D-модели и созданы на их основе образцы церебральных артерий (2–5 мм). На третьем этапе модели артериального сосудистого русла применены для обучения и тренинга эндоваскулярных нейроинтервенций.Результаты: В симуляционном тренинге, имитирующем вмешательство, приняли 5 эндоваскулярных хирургов (с условными номерами 1–5). Ни одному не удалось успешно выполнить все 10 попыток, при этом, как минимум, один успех зафиксирован у всех. Количество успешных попыток: 8, 7, 7, 1, 3, соответственно. Количество попыток до первого успеха: 1, 2, 1, 7, 6. Время, затраченное на успешную попытку (М±σ): 25±8, 30±12, 45±15, 45, 65/60 мин. Общая оценка хирургом эффективности и целесообразности симуляционного тренинга по 5-балльной шкале: 3, 4, 5, 5, 3. Большинство участников тренинга отметили невысокую реалистичность моделей и несоответствие характеристик внутренней стенки модели – реальному эндотелию сосуда: использованный силикон был слишком жёстким, что ограничивает его использование в качестве учебного прототипа.Заключение: 3D-печать сосудистых структур с целью отработки элементов нейроваскулярного вмешательства представляется перспективной методикой. Первый опыт продемонстрировал, что ее внедрение сопровождается значительными трудностями, связанными как с начальным этапом освоения нового метода, так и с существующими ограничениями самой технологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rationale: Endovascular intervention is often the first-line treatment for patients with intracranial artery pathology. Specialists performing therapeutic interventions on cerebral vessels must have practical training, since the cost of error is extremely high. For this reason, these interventions are performed by residents and interns less often than other endovascular surgeries. Printing of 3D models is a unique educational tool that can improve the effectiveness of training in endovascular techniques. However, to date, the role of this new technology in training specialists, as well as the features of its application, have not been sufficiently covered.Objective: to analyze the effect of 3D printing of an individually recreated digital model of vascular structures of the brain on the results of training and education in the technical aspects of endovascular neurointerventions. Materials and methods: At the first stage of the study, an analysis of the fundamental possibility of 3D printing was carried out, based on an individually recreated digital threedimensional model of vessels (using the carotid artery bifurcation as an example). Silicone was selected as the raw material for 3D printing. It was found that when printing with one-component silicone, there is significant ribbing of the model. Two-component silicone compounds were tested; their compliance with the required characteristics of the vascular model in terms of optical transparency and strength was demonstrated. 20 variants of carotid artery bifurcation models were manufactured. The task of the second stage was to create 3D models of vascular structures of a more complex shape and a smaller internal diameter than at the first stage. As a result, 3D models were designed and samples of cerebral arteries (2-5 mm) were created on their basis. At the third stage, the arterial vascular models were used for training in endovascular neurointerventions.Results: Five endovascular surgeons (with conditional numbers 1-5) took part in the simulation training. None of them managed to successfully complete all 10 attempts, while at least one success was recorded for all of them. Number of successful attempts: 8, 7, 7, 1, 3 respectively. Number of attempts to the first success: 1, 2, 1, 7, 6. Time spent on a successful attempt (M±σ): 25±8, 30±12, 45±15, 45, 65/60 min. Overall assessment of the effectiveness and feasibility of the simulation training by the surgeon on a 5-point scale: 3, 4, 5, 5, 3. Most of the training participants noted the low realism of the modelsand the discrepancy between the characteristics of the inner wall of the model and the real endothelium of the vessel: the silicone was too rigid, which limits its use as a training prototype.Conclusion: 3D printing of vascular structures for the purpose of practicing in neurovascular intervention seems to be a promising technique. The first experience demonstrated that its implementation is accompanied by significant difficulties associated with both the initial experience the new method and with the existing limitations of the technology itself.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интракраниальные артерии</kwd><kwd>эндоваскулярное вмешательство</kwd><kwd>трехмерное моделирование</kwd><kwd>3D-печать</kwd><kwd>обучение</kwd><kwd>тренинг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intracranial arteries</kwd><kwd>endovascular intervention</kwd><kwd>three-dimensional modeling</kwd><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>training</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Источник финансирования. Исследование и поисково-аналитическая работа при подготовке рукописи проведены при финансовой поддержке Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы и администрации ГКБ им. А.К. 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