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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2024_19_4_9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-217</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРОТОКОЛА ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ КРОВОТЕЧЕНИЙ У КАРДИОХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ С ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ АОРТАЛЬНОГО КЛАПАНА И КОРНЯ АОРТЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RESULTS OF APPLICATION OF THE PROTOCOL FOR THE PREVENTION OF BLEEDING IN CARDIAC SURGICAL PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGY OF THE AORTIC VALVE AND AORTIC ROOT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубулава</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubulava</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Saint Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Saint Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рзаева</surname><given-names>Э. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rzaeva</surname><given-names>E. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Saint Petersburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eminarzaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Saint Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сазонов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazonov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Saint Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И.П. Павлова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Medical Academy of S. M. Kirov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хубулава Г.Г., Марченко С.П., Рзаева Э.Ш., Наумов А.Б., Сазонов А.Б., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хубулава Г.Г., Марченко С.П., Рзаева Э.Ш., Наумов А.Б., Сазонов А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khubulava G.G., Marchenko S.P., Rzaeva E.S., Naumov A.B., Sazonov A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/217">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/217</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: оценка результатов применения протокола профилактики кровотечений у кардиохирургических больных с патологией аортального клапана и корня аорты для оптимизации тактики профилактики кровотечений.Материалы и методы: в первую группу вошли 185 кардиохирургических пациентов с патологией аортального клапана и корня аорты, перенесших оперативное вмешательство на аортальном клапане, при лечении которых протокол профилактики кровотечений был применен. Вторую группу составили 237 кардиохирургических пациентов с патологией аортального клапана и корня аорты, перенесших оперативное вмешательство на аортальном клапане, при лечении которых не применялся протокол профилактики кровотечений. Были собраны данные о тактике ведения дооперационного, интраоперационного и послеоперационного периодов, такие как: – анамнестические данные, результаты ЭхоКГ, лабораторные данные: дооперационный уровень гемоглобина, фибриногена;– интраоперационный уровень гемоглобина, фибриногена, дозы перелитого криопреципитата, данные тромбоэластометрии, интраоперационная кровопотеря;– отделяемое по дренажам за 1 сутки послеоперационного периода, частота кровотечений, рестернотомий, летальных исходов.Результаты исследования: Во второй группе больных число случаев интраоперационной гипофибриногенемии почти в 5 раз больше, чем в 1 группе, из 237 больных у 62 (26,2%) был отмечен критически низкий уровень фибриногена. Гемодилюционная коагулопатия по фибриногену (интраоперационная гипофибриногенемия) была связана с рестернотомией: Х2 = 63,375, р = 0, df = 1, ОР = 11,686, 95% ДИ: 5,61–24,33. Осложнения, связанные с кровотечением, чаще встречались во второй группе больных – 44 (18,6%) случаев из 239 прооперированных больных, Х2 = 10,6; р = 0,001 (Х2Yates = 9,693; р = 0,002, ОР = 2,453, 95% ДИ: 1,39-4,34). В первой группе лишь 14 (7,6%) случаев осложнений, связанных с кровотечением, из 185 прооперированных больных. Также были выявлены значимые различия в частоте рестернотомий: в 1 группе – 3 (1,6%) случая, во второй – 28 (11,8%) (Х2 = 15,859; р = 0 (Х2Yates= 14,397, р = 0; р (F) = 0; ОР = 7,286, 95% ДИ: 2,25-23,59). Из 185 операций в 1 группе наблюдалось лишь 3 случая рестернотомии, что соответствует 1,6% от всех больных в 1 группе. При повторной ревизии операционной раны во всех 3 случаях были выявлены хирургические источники кровотечения. Из 237 операций во 2 группе случаев повторной ревизии операционной раны – 28. Из 28 рестернотомий лишь в 15 случаях был выявлен хирургический источник кровотечения,следовательно, остальные 13 случаев кровотечений возникли по причине коагулопатии. В 1 группе не было случаев рестернотомии, выполненных по причине гипокоагуляционного кровотечения. Выявлена статистически значимая связь между дооперационной анемией и рестернотомией (х2, р = 0,039, ОР = 2,03, 95% ДИ: 1-4).Выводы:1) интраоперационная гипофибриногенемия в 11 раз повышает риск рестернотомии (х2 = 63,375, р = 0, df = 1, ОР = 11,686, 95% ДИ: 5,61-24,33);2) дооперационная анемия в 2 раза повышает риск рестернотомии (р = 0,039, ОР = 2,03, 95% ДИ: 1-4);3) при применении протокола профилактики кровотечений интраоперационная гипофибриногенемия встречается в 5 раз реже;4) при применении протокола профилактики кровотечений осложнения, связанные с кровотечением, встречаются в 2,5 раза реже: Х2 = 10,6; р = 0,001 (Х2Yates = 9,693; р = 0,002, ОР = 2,453, 95% ДИ: 1,39-4,34);5) при применении протокола профилактики кровотечений риск рестернотомии снижается в 7 раз: Х2 = 15,859; р = 0 (Х2Yates = 14,397, р = 0; р (F) = 0; ОР = 7,286, 95% ДИ: 2,25-23,59).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose of the study: to evaluate the results of using a protocol for the prevention of bleeding in cardiac surgical patients with pathology of the aortic valve and aortic root to optimize tactics for preventing bleeding.Materials and methods: the first group included 185 cardiac surgical patients with pathology of the aortic valve and aortic root, who underwent surgery on the aortic valve, during the treatment of which a bleeding prevention protocol was applied. The second group consisted of 237 cardiac surgical patients with pathology of the aortic valve and aortic root who underwent surgery on the aortic valve, during whose treatment a bleeding prevention protocol was not used. Data were collected on the management tactics of the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative periods, such as:– anamnestic data, results of echocardiographic examination, laboratory data: preoperative level of hemoglobin, fibrinogen;– intraoperative level of hemoglobin, fibrinogen, dose of transfused cryoprecipitate, thromboelastometry data, intraoperative blood loss;– drainage discharge during 1 day of the postoperative period, frequency of bleeding, resternotomy, and deaths.Study results: In the second group of patients, the number of cases of intraoperative hypofibrinogenemia was almost 5 times greater than in group 1; out of 237 patients, 62 (26.2%) had a critically low level of fibrinogen. Fibrinogen hemodilution coagulopathy (intraoperative hypofibrinogenemia) was associated with resternotomy: Х2 = 63.375, p = 0, df = 1, HR = 11.686, 95% CI: 5.61-24.33. Complications associated with bleeding were more common in the second group of patients – 44 (18,6%) cases out of 237 operated patients, Х2 = 10,6; р = 0,001, Х2Yates = 9,693; р = 0,002, RR = 2,453, 95% CI: 1,39-4,34. In the first group, there were only 14 (7,6%) cases of complications associated with bleeding out of 185 operated patients. Significant differences were also found in the frequency of resternotomies: in group 1 – 3 (1.6%) cases, in group 2 – 28 (11.8%) Х2 = 15,859; р = 0 (Х2Yates = 14,397, р = 0; р (F) = 0; RR = 7,286, 95% CI: 2,25-23,59). Of 185 operations in group 1, only 3 cases of resternotomy were observed, which corresponds to 1.6% of all patients in group 1. Upon repeated inspection of the surgical wound, surgical sources of bleeding were identified in all 3 cases. Of the 237 operations in group 2, there were 28 cases of repeated revision of the surgical wound. Of the 28 resternotomies, only in 15 cases a surgical source of bleeding was identified, therefore, the remaining 13 cases of bleeding occurred due to coagulopathy. In group 1, there were no cases of resternotomy performed due to hypocoagulable bleeding. A statistically significant association was found between preoperative anemia and resternotomy (x2, p = 0.039, RR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1-4).Conclusions:1) intraoperative hypofibrinogenemia increases the risk of resternotomy 11 times (x2 = 63.375, p = 0, df = 1, RR = 11.686, 95% CI: 5.61-24.33);2) preoperative anemia doubles the risk of resternotomy (p = 0,039, ОR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1-4);3) when using the bleeding prevention protocol, intraoperative hypofibrinogenemia occurs 5 times less often;4) when using the bleeding prevention protocol, complications associated with bleeding are 2.5 times less common: Х2 = 10,6; р = 0,001, Х2Yates = 9,693; р = 0,002, RR = 2,453, 95% CI: 1,39-4,34;5) when using a bleeding prevention protocol, the risk of resternotomy is reduced by 7 times: Х2 = 15,859; р = 0 (Х2Yates = 14,397, р = 0; р (F) = 0; RR = 7,286, 95% CI: 2,25-23,59).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кровотечение</kwd><kwd>рестернотомия</kwd><kwd>протокол профилактики кровотечений</kwd><kwd>пороки аортального клапана</kwd><kwd>аневризма аорты</kwd><kwd>аортальный стеноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bleeding</kwd><kwd>resternotomy</kwd><kwd>bleeding prevention protocol</kwd><kwd>aortic valve defects</kwd><kwd>aortic aneurysm</kwd><kwd>aortic stenosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов Д.В., Гарбузенко Д.В., Лукин О.П., Ануфриева С.С. 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