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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pirogovestnik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Национального медико-хирургического центра им. Н.И. Пирогова</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bulletin of Pirogov National Medical &amp; Surgical Center</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-8255</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3628</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Национальный медико-хирургический Центр им. Н.И. Пирогова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/20728255_2024_19_3_10</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pirogovestnik-139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭКСТРАВАЗАЛЬНАЯ КОМПРЕССИЯ ДИСТАЛЬНЫХ ОТДЕЛОВ КОРОНАРНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ ПРИ ИММОБИЛИЗИРУЮЩЕМ ИНТЕРСТИЦИАЛЬНОМ ФИБРОЗЕ СЕРДЦА – АНГИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СИМПТОМОКОМПЛЕКС ШЕВЧЕНКО-БРЭДО</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EXTRAVASAL COMPRESSION OF DISTAL CORONARY ARTERIES IN IMMOBILIZING INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS OF THE HEART – SHEVCHENKO-BRADO ANGIOGRAPHIC SYMPTOM COMPLEX</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>Yu. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойцов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boytsov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульбашев</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulbashev</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dan103@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотницкий</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnitsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический Центр&#13;
им. Н.И. Пирогова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии им. академика Е.И. Чазова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>10</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шевченко Ю.Л., Бойцов С.А., Ульбашев Д.С., Плотницкий А.В., Кузин В.С., Ермаков Д.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шевченко Ю.Л., Бойцов С.А., Ульбашев Д.С., Плотницкий А.В., Кузин В.С., Ермаков Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shevchenko Y.L., Boytsov S.A., Ulbashev D.S., Plotnitsky A.V., Kuzin V.S., Ermakov D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/139">https://submit.pirogov-vestnik.ru/jour/article/view/139</self-uri><abstract><p>В основе сердечной недостаточности, как правило, лежит повреждение кардиомиоцитов. При этом наиболее частой причиной дисфункции миокарда являются ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС), различные воспалительные процессы, чрезмерные физические перегрузки, в том числе при приобретенных и врожденных пороках сердца и прочее. Однако нередко встречаются больные с сердечной недостаточностью, у которых перечисленные причины отсутствуют и не подтверждаются ни инструментальными, ни лабораторными исследованиями, а их лечение неэффективно. Многолетняя клиническая практика, многочисленные научно-экспериментальные исследования академика РАН Шевченко Ю.Л. позволили установить, что причиной подобной дисфункции миокарда является иммобилизирующий интерстициальный фиброз сердца, в основе которого лежит прямое сдавление кардиомиоцитов (иммобилизация) резко уплотненной соединительной тканью (диплом на открытие № 536 от 23 августа 2023 года).Иммобилизирующий интерстициальный фиброз сердца, возникающий в результате избыточного отложения физически измененных коллагеновых волокон и структурно-функциональных трансформаций миокарда, может быть первичным или вторичным (индуцированным) и встречается при многих хронических кардиальных заболеваниях, в том числе и при ИБС. Имеющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что увеличение количества коллагеновых волокон, метаморфоз их состава и физико-химических свойств играют ведущую роль в нарушении микроциркуляции, экстравазальной компрессии коронарных артерий, ремоделировании левого желудочка и снижении сократимости сердца, что может объяснять неудовлетворительные результаты лечения различных групп пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью, в том числе пациентов после коронарного шунтирования. Приведенные результаты исследования свидетельствуют о достаточно частом выявлении интерстициального иммобилизирующего фиброза у больных ИБС со сниженной фракцией выброса левого желудочка.Распознавание иммобилизирующего интерстициального фиброза сердца представляет серьезные трудности. Однако комплексная оценка общеклинических, инструментальных и лабораторных исследований позволяют с большей достоверностью диагностировать это коварное заболевание, наиболее тяжелая стадия которого определяется сдавлением периферических венечных артерий (коронарная стадия). В статье описаны основные патофизиологические механизмы формирования иммобилизирующего интерстициального фиброза сердца и важнейшие ангиографические признаки его наиболее тяжелой стадии экстравазальной компрессии коронарных артерий – симптомокомплекс Шевченко-Брэдо.Материалы и методы. В проспективное исследование включены результаты наблюдений 82 пациентов, находившихся на лечении в Клинике грудной и сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. Св. Георгия ФГБУ «НМХЦ им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России с 2020 по 2024 гг.Группа I (n = 33) – пациенты с ИБС и иммобилизующим интерстициальным фиброзом сердца (ИФС). Группа II (n = 40) – пациенты с ИБС без ИФС. Для оценки проявлений ангиографического симпотомокомплекса Шевченко-Брэдо отдельно рассмотрена дополнительная группа пациентов – III группа (n = 9) с коронарной стадией первичного ИФС без ИБС. Средний возраст пациентов составил 63,26±5,7 лет (группа I), 64,9±6,6 лет (группа II), 55,9±5,9 лет (группа III). Оценивались клинические данные, показатели магнитно-резонансной томографии, эхокардиографии. Селективная коронароангиография проводилась с частотой 15 кадров в секунду. Выполнялась биопсия миокарда, гистологическое исследование биоптатов, рассчитывалось процентное отношение участков фиброза к общей площади исследуемого фрагмента ткани, объем коллагеновых волокон I и III типов. Результаты. По клиническим, морфологическим и инструментальным данным выявлено пять стадий ИФС. У всех пациентов с первичным ИФС без ИБС (III группа) выявлен симптомокомплекс Шевченко-Брэдо, продолжительность пассажа контрастного вещества от ствола левой венечной артерии до коронарного синуса составило – 6,4 [5,8; 6,9] секунд (при скорости 15 кадров в секунду). Этот симптомокомплекс специфичен для коронарной стадии ИФС, однако может по-разному проявляться при других его формах: в I группе пациентов ангиографическая картина диффузного истончения дистальных отделов венечных артерий по типу «мышиных хвостов» определялась в 63,64% (n = 21), во II группе – в 22,5% (n = 9), ОШ 6,03 (95% ДИ 2,16–16,83) р = 0,0004. При сопоставлении этих наблюдений с данными гистологического исследования, оказалось, что в случаях тяжелой и крайне тяжелой стадии иммобилизующего ИФС было выявлено экстравазальное сдавление коронарных артерий. В исследуемых группах обнаружены статистически значимые различия: удлинение времени «нативного» Т1, по данным МРТ: 1128,0 [1059; 1181] мс (группа I), 952,0 [914; 993] мс (группа II), при р&lt;0,0001, увеличение объема межклеточного пространства: 39,0 [34; 50]% (группа I), 24,5[21;28]% (группа II), при р&lt;0,0001. По данным специального гистологического исследования, средняя площадь зон фиброза в I группе – 18,7[11; 27]%, количество волокон коллагена I типа – 4795[3992;6157] в 1 мм2 и коллагена III типа – 3531 [2350;4905] в 1 мм2.Заключение. Формирование интерстициального иммобилизирующего фиброза практически всегда является неотъемлемым звеном патологического процесса ремоделирования сердца. Существуют специфические признаки ИФС, которые могут помочь в диагностике, в том числе описанный ангиографический симптомокомплекс Шевченко-Брэдо, выявляющийся у пациентов при тяжелой степени иммобилизации периферического коронарного русла</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Heart failure is usually based on damage to cardiomyocytes. At the same time, the most common cause of myocardial dysfunction is coronary heart disease (CHD), various inflammatory processes, excessive physical overload, including acquired and congenital heart defects, and so on. However, it is not uncommon to meet patients with heart failure, in whom the listed causes are absent and are not confirmed by either instrumental or laboratory studies, and the treatment of such patients is ineffective. Long-term clinical practice, numerous scientific and experimental studies by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Shevchenko Y.L. allowed us to establish that the cause of such myocardial dysfunction is immobilizing interstitial fibrosis of the heart. which is based on direct compression of cardiomyocytes (immobilization) by sharply compacted connective tissue (diploma for discovery No. 536 dated August 23, 2023).Immobilizing interstitial fibrosis of the heart, which occurs as a result of excessive deposition of physically altered collagen fibers and structural and functional transformations of the myocardium, can be primary or secondary (induced) and occurs in many chronic cardiac diseases, including coronary heart disease. The available data indicate that an increase in the number of collagen fibers, metamorphoses of their composition and physico-chemical properties play a leading role in impaired microcirculation, extravasal compression of coronary arteries, remodeling of the left ventricle and a decrease in heart contractility, which may explain the unsatisfactory results of treatment of various groups of patients with heart failure, including patients after coronary bypass surgery. The results of the study indicate a fairly frequent detection of interstitial immobilizing fibrosis in patients with coronary heart disease with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.The recognition of immobilizing interstitial fibrosis of the heart presents serious difficulties. However, a comprehensive assessment of general clinical, instrumental and laboratory studies makes it possible to diagnose this insidious disease with greater certainty, the most severe stage of which is determined by compression of the peripheral coronary arteries (coronary stage). The article describes the main pathophysiological mechanisms of the formation of immobilizing interstitial fibrosis of the heart and the most important angiographic signs of its most severe stage of extravasal compression of the coronary arteries – the Shevchenko-Brado symptom complex.Materials and methods. The prospective study included the results of observations of 82 patients who were treated at the St. George Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “NMHC named after N.I. Pirogov” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2020 to 2024. Group I (n = 33) – patients with coronary heart disease and immobilizing interstitial fibrosis (IFS). Group II (n = 40) – patients with coronary heart disease without IFS. To assess the manifestations of the Shevchenko-Brado angiographic symptom complex, an additional group of patients was considered separately – group III (n = 9) with a coronary stage of primary IFS without coronary artery disease.The average age of patients was 63.26±5.7 years (group I), 64.9±6.6 years (group II), 55.9±5.9 years (group III). Clinical data, magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography were evaluated. Selective coronary angiography was performed at a frequency of 15 frames per second. Myocardial biopsy, histological examination of biopsies were performed, the percentage of fibrosis sites to the total area of the tissue fragment under study, the volume of collagen fibers of types I and III were calculated.Results. According to clinical, morphological and instrumental data, five stages of IFS have been identified. In all patients with primary IFS without coronary artery disease (group III), the Shevchenko-Brado symptom complex was detected, the duration of the passage of contrast agent from the trunk of the left coronary artery to the coronary sinus was 6.4 [5.8; 6.9] seconds. This symptom complex is specific for the coronary stage of IFS, however, it can manifest itself in different ways in its other forms: in the group I the angiographic picture of diffuse thinning of the distal sections of the coronary arteries by the type of “mouse tails” was determined in 63.64% (n = 21), in the group II – 22.5% (n = 9), OR 6.03 (95% CI 2.16-16.83) p = 0.0004. When comparing these observations with histological examination data, it turned out that in cases of severe and extremely severe stage of immobilizing IFS, extravasal compression of the coronary arteries was detected. Statistically significant differences were found in the studied groups: lengthening of the time of “native” T1, according to MRI data: 1128.0 [1059;1181] ms (group I), 952.0[914;993] ms (group II) p&lt;0.0001, an increase in the volume of intercellular space: 39.0[34;50]% (group I), 24,5[21;28]% (group II), at p&lt;0.0001. According to a special histological study, the average area of fibrosis zones in the group I was 18.7[11;27]%, type I collagen – 4795[3992;6157] per 1 mm2 and type III collagen – 3531[2350;4905] per 1 mm2.Conclusion. The formation of interstitial immobilizing fibrosis is almost always an integral part of the pathological process of heart remodeling. There are specific signs of IFS that can help in diagnosis, including the described angiographic Shevchenko-Brado symptom complex, which is detected in patients with severe immobilization of the peripheral coronary bed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммобилизирующий интерстициальный фиброз</kwd><kwd>сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>симптомокомплекс Шевченко-Брэдо</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immobilizing interstitial fibrosis</kwd><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>Shevchenko-Brado symptom complex</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravassa S, González A, Bayés-Genís A, Lupón J, Díez J. Myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the era of precision medicine. Biomarker-based phenotyping for a personalized treatment. 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